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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Greco Defence</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Greco Defence</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="chessboard thumb noviewer"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px">
</div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8"><div class="chess-pieces notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><div style="top:0px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a8 black rook"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b8 black knight"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c8 black bishop"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e8 black king"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f8 black bishop"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black knight"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h8 black rook"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f6 black queen"></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e5 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e4 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:130px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f3 white knight"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a1 white rook"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b1 white knight"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c1 white bishop"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d1 white queen"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e1 white king"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f1 white bishop"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h1 white rook"></span></span></div></div></td><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">7</td><td style="height:26px">7</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">6</td><td style="height:26px">6</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">5</td><td style="height:26px">5</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">4</td><td style="height:26px">4</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">3</td><td style="height:26px">3</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">2</td><td style="height:26px">2</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">1</td><td style="height:26px">1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td 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</style></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Moves</th><td class="infobox-data">1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Qf6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="Encyclopaedia_of_Chess_Openings" title="Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings">ECO</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data">C40</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Gioachino_Greco" title="Gioachino Greco">Gioachino Greco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="King's_Knight_Opening" title="King's Knight Opening">King's Knight Opening</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Synonym(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">McConnell Defence</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Greco Defence</b> (or <b>McConnell Defence</b>), named after <a href="Gioachino_Greco" title="Gioachino Greco">Gioachino Greco</a> (c. 1600 – c. 1634), is a <a href="Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">chess opening</a> that begins with the moves:
</p>
<dl><dd>1. <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e4" class="extiw external" title="b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4">e4</a> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e4/1...e5" class="extiw external" title="b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5">e5</a></dd>
<dd>2. <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e4/1...e5/2._Nf3" class="extiw external" title="b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3">Nf3</a> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e4/1...e5/2._Nf3/2...Qf6" class="extiw external" title="b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Qf6">Qf6</a></dd></dl>
<p>The opening is categorised by <i><a href="Encyclopaedia_of_Chess_Openings" title="Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings">Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings</a></i> as code C40.
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discussion">Discussion</h2></div>
<p>Of the <a href="King's_Knight_Opening" title="King's Knight Opening">several plausible ways</a> Black has to defend his e-<a href="Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawn</a>, 2...Qf6 is considered one of the weaker choices, since the <a href="Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">queen</a> is <dfn><a href="Glossary_of_chess#development" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § development" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">developed</span></a></dfn> prematurely and can become a target for attack. Also, the black knight on g8 is deprived of its most natural square. There is, however, no obvious refutation of this opening; White's advantage consists mainly of smoother development.
</p><p>Although it is a popular opening choice by novice players, it has also been used by players who, according to <a href="International_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="International Master">International Master</a> <a href="Gary_Lane_(chess_player)" title="Gary Lane (chess player)">Gary Lane</a>, "should know better".
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greco_line">Greco line</h3></div>
<p>Greco himself illustrated the following amusing line against this defence in 1620:
</p><p><b>1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Qf6<a href="Chess_annotation_symbols#?!" title="Chess annotation symbols">?!</a> 3. Bc4 Qg6 4. 0-0 Qxe4 5. Bxf7+!! Ke7</b>
</p>
<dl><dd>5...Kxf7<a href="Chess_annotation_symbols#??" title="Chess annotation symbols">??</a> 6.Ng5+! wins the black queen.</dd></dl>
<p><b>6. Re1 Qf4 7. Rxe5+ Kxf7</b>
</p>
<dl><dd>7...Kd8 8.Re8<a href="Algebraic_notation_(chess)#" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">#</a></dd></dl>
<p><b>8. d4 Qf6 9. Ng5+ Kg6 10. Qd3+ Kh6 11. Nf7# <a href="Algebraic_notation_(chess)#1–0" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">1–0</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McConnell_game">McConnell game</h3></div>
<div class="chessboard thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px">Morphy vs. McConnell, 1849
</div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8"><div class="chess-pieces notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><div style="top:0px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a8 black rook"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b8 black knight"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c8 black bishop"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e8 black king"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f8 black bishop"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black knight"></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h8 black rook"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h7 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c6 black pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e6 black queen"></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e5 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g5 white rook"></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 white knight"></span></span></div><div style="top:130px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c3 white knight"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 white pawn"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a1 white rook"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c1 white bishop"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d1 white queen"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e1 white king"></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f1 white bishop"></span></span></div></div></td><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">7</td><td style="height:26px">7</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">6</td><td style="height:26px">6</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">5</td><td style="height:26px">5</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">4</td><td style="height:26px">4</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">3</td><td style="height:26px">3</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">2</td><td style="height:26px">2</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">1</td><td style="height:26px">1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption">Position after 11.Nxd4
</div></div></div>
<p><a href="Paul_Morphy" title="Paul Morphy">Morphy</a> vs. McConnell, New Orleans 1849:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><b>1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Qf6 3. Nc3 c6 4. d4 exd4 5. e5 Qg6 6. Bd3</b>
</p>
<dl><dd>6.Qxd4<a href="Chess_annotation_symbols#!" title="Chess annotation symbols">!</a> gives White a big lead in development.</dd></dl>
<p><b>6... Qxg2 7. Rg1 Qh3 8. Rg3 Qh5 9. Rg5 Qh3 10. Bf1 Qe6 11. Nxd4</b> (diagram)
</p>
<dl><dd>... and Morphy was better.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Busch_game">Busch game</h3></div>
<p><a href="Louis_Paulsen" title="Louis Paulsen">Paulsen</a> vs. Busch, Düsseldorf 1863:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><b>1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Qf6 3. Bc4 Nh6</b>
</p>
<dl><dd>Making some sense, since Black is able to respond ...Qxh6 if White were to play d4 followed by Bxh6.</dd></dl>
<p><b>4. 0-0 Bc5 5. Nc3 c6 6. d4! Bxd4 7. Nxd4 exd4 8. e5 Qg6 9. Qxd4</b>
</p>
<dl><dd>And again, White is ahead in development.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Greco_Countergambit" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco Countergambit">Greco Countergambit</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of chess openings</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_openings_named_after_people" title="List of chess openings named after people">List of chess openings named after people</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess_Opening_Theory" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Chess Opening Theory">Chess Opening Theory</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e4/1...e5/2._Nf3/2...Qf6" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Qf6">Greco Defence</a></b></i></div></div>
</div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesscafe.com/text/lane36.pdf">Opening Lanes</a> Gary Lane, Chesscafe.com, 2001, last question on the page.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}
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</style><cite id="CITEREFBenjaminSchiller1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Joel_Benjamin" title="Joel Benjamin">Benjamin, Joel</a>; <a href="Eric_Schiller" title="Eric Schiller">Schiller, Eric</a> (1987). "Greco Defence". <i>Unorthodox Openings</i>. <a href="Macmillan_Publishers_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishers (United States)">Macmillan Publishing Company</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">91–</span>92. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-02-016590-0</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchiller1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Eric_Schiller" title="Eric Schiller">Schiller, Eric</a> (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unorthodoxchesso00schi/page/287">"McConnell Defense"</a></span>. <i>Unorthodox Chess Openings</i>. <a href="Avery_Cardoza#Cardoza_Publishing" title="Avery Cardoza">Cardoza Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unorthodoxchesso00schi/page/287">287</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-940685-73-6</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
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